One of my most cherished posessions from my time at the United States Naval Academy is a score of Handel's Messiah, signed by the then Musical Programs Director, Dr. John Barry Talley. At a time when it felt like everything around me was trying to anhilate me, the Men's Glee Club presented a weekly oasis from "organized chaos", and singing the Messiah was truly a religious experience; "no cap".
After 200 performances and 35 years later, I still know the score by heart and depending on the hour of the day, I can sing either the Bass, Baritone, or Second Tenor part. The First Tenor part, well, my ability to sing that part in tune left the building with Elvis a while back.
It's been a while since I have been at church to pray, but today I still find the Divine in Handel's music once a year; when I play the Messiah, sing along, and reminsice. That time in 2023 is tonight.
For the faithful and the heathen like me; all my brethren - If you want to listen to beautiful classical music, I exhort you to pour your favorite beverage, sit back and enjoy a night enraptured in melody and lyrics from the Messiah.
If you want to make the night special, below you will find a few write ups to help the evening along and enjoy the music with, dinner, drinks and friends. Here is a sample of the USNA combined Glee Clubs performing at the Chapel. Disclaimer - And in observance of the Honor Concept - I used AI to generate the below.... ;)
Below...
A synopsis of the Messiah
The choral arrangements
The musical score
A recommended meal
A recommended drink
Get ready to enjoy Handel's "Messiah"
Section Shortcuts
The Synopsis
George Frideric Handel's "Messiah" stands as one of the towering masterpieces of Baroque choral music, beloved by audiences since its premiere in Dublin in 1742. This monumental work is not just a musical achievement but a profound spiritual journey conveyed through the medium of the oratorio, a form that Handel mastered like no other.
The Baroque era, spanning from approximately 1600 to 1750, was characterized by its ornate architecture, art, and music. Handel, born in 1685, was a product of this period, exemplifying its grandeur and emphasis on emotional expression in his compositions. The oratorio form that Handel utilized for "Messiah" is similar to opera but is presented as a concert piece without staging or costumes. It's a genre that focuses on religious or sacred topics, perfect for the retelling of the Christian Messiah narrative.
"Messiah" is unique among Handel's oratorios in that it does not present a single, continuous story. Instead, it draws from various parts of the Bible to chronicle the prophecy of the Messiah, his birth, death, resurrection, and the promise of eternal life. The text, compiled by Charles Jennens from the King James Bible and the Book of Common Prayer, is divided into three parts, each exploring a different aspect of the Christian doctrine concerning the Messiah.
Part I of "Messiah" opens with a sinfonia, or overture, setting the contemplative mood for what's to follow. It then delves into the prophecies of Isaiah and others, foretelling the coming of a savior. The music reflects the anticipation and hope of these prophecies, culminating in the scenes surrounding the Nativity, with choruses like "For Unto Us a Child is Born" filling listeners with joy at the birth of Christ.
Part II takes a darker turn, exploring the suffering, sacrifice, and ultimately, the triumph of Jesus. It begins with Christ’s passion and moves through his death and resurrection, with choruses such as "Surely He Hath Borne Our Griefs" and "Lift Up Your Heads." The famous "Hallelujah" chorus concludes this part, serving as a powerful musical statement of faith, where Handel's music and Jennens' scriptural selections bring to life the triumph over death and sin.
Part III is often seen as a reflection on the implications of the earlier parts, contemplating the promise of redemption and the resurrection of the body. It opens with the somber "I Know That My Redeemer Liveth" and moves through a series of reflective pieces, culminating in the grand "Amen" chorus, which concludes the oratorio with a complex and intricate fugue, leaving the audience in awe of the divine subject matter.
Among the themes interwoven throughout "Messiah" is the idea of enlightenment through suffering, the juxtaposition of human frailty against divine redemption, and the ultimate victory of the spirit. Handel's music, with its dramatic contrasts and emotive arias, brings these biblical messages to life, making "Messiah" a work that is as much an experience as it is a performance.
Perhaps the most iconic part of "Messiah" is the "Hallelujah" chorus, which has achieved a level of cultural omnipresence few other pieces of classical music have. Tradition holds that King George II was so moved during its initial London performance that he stood up, a gesture that has prompted audiences to stand during the chorus ever since.
Yet, beyond the grandeur of the choral movements, Handel's "Messiah" contains some of the most beautiful and introspective arias and recitatives. These solo pieces allow for a more intimate connection with the scriptural text, offering a personal reflection on the larger communal themes presented by the choir. A standout example is the tender "He Shall Feed His Flock," which contrasts the pastoral simplicity of Christ's teachings with the complexity of human emotions and faith.
In preparing for a special evening with Handel's "Messiah," understanding the context, structure, and themes of the work can greatly enhance the experience. Audience members who delve into the narrative and musical journey of the oratorio will find themselves not just entertained, but potentially transformed by the power of Handel's music and the timeless story it tells. Whether one approaches "Messiah" from a place of religious devotion or simply as a lover of great music, there is no denying the profound effect this masterwork has had for nearly three centuries. Its ability to convey the depth of human emotion and spiritual longing through the tapestry of sound is a testament to Handel's genius and the enduring power of the oratorio form.
Choral Arrangement
Handel's Messiah, composed in 1741, is one of the most revered choral works in Western classical music. At the heart of this oratorio lies its choral arrangements, which allow choirs to shine through a rich tapestry of vocal harmony and counterpoint.
The choir in Messiah plays a critical role in narrating the biblical story, creating a dialogue with the soloists, and providing commentary on the action. Handel's writing for the choir is diverse, ranging from simple harmonized chorales to complex polyphonic structures that require great skill and precision from the singers.
Understanding SATB Arrangement
Messiah is composed for a four-part choir, following the SATB arrangement—Soprano, Alto, Tenor, Bass. This configuration gives Handel the flexibility to create a wide range of textures and dynamics, from the soft whisper of a prayer to the majestic proclamation of the "Hallelujah" chorus.
Each voice part has its own role. The sopranos often carry the melody, soaring above the other voices. Altos provide the middle harmony, crucial for the richness of the choral sound. Tenors often bridge the gap between the altos and basses, adding brightness and clarity. Basses give the choir its foundation, with their depth and power.
Some notable Choral Pieces within Messiah - because EVERYTHING is notable.
Among the most famous choral movements is "And the Glory of the Lord." It showcases Handel's use of fugal writing where each voice part enters at different times, imitating the main theme. This creates a sense of anticipation and excitement, as the theme is passed around the choir, building in intensity.
"For Unto Us a Child is Born" is another highlight, where the text painting by Handel is evident. The word "born" is set to a descending melodic line, giving the impression of a descent from heaven. The running notes on "wonderful, counselor" convey a sense of awe and wonder.
The Challenge of Choral Dynamics and Articulation
Handel's Hallelujah Chorus:
The Hallelujah Chorus is arguably the most famous movement from George Frideric Handel's oratorio, "Messiah," which was composed in 1741. The oratorio is a musical setting of various biblical texts relating to the Christian Messiah, and the Hallelujah Chorus is part of the Easter section, celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ.
The chorus is written for a SATB choir (soprano, alto, tenor, bass) and is accompanied by a baroque orchestra, typically including trumpets, timpani, strings, and continuo. The piece is known for its exuberant character, uplifting harmonies, and majestic orchestration, all contributing to a sense of triumph and joy.
The Hallelujah Chorus begins with a fanfare-like introduction, followed by the choir entering with the word "Hallelujah" in a strong, homophonic texture. The text repeats the word several times with great emphasis and is interspersed with other phrases from the Book of Revelation, like "for the Lord God Omnipotent reigneth," and "The kingdom of this world is become the kingdom of our Lord, and of his Christ."
One of the traditions associated with the Hallelujah Chorus is that the audience stands during its performance. This custom is said to have originated with King George II, who supposedly stood up when he first heard it, moved by the music's powerful effect. While the truth of this story is debated, the tradition of standing endures in many concert settings today.
The Great Amen:
The term "Great Amen" can refer to a musical setting of the word "Amen," which is often used to conclude a prayer or hymn. The "Amen" is a declaration of affirmation that literally means "so be it" in Hebrew. In a Christian liturgical context, the Great Amen might be sung at the end of the Eucharistic prayer or other significant liturgical moments.
While Handel's "Messiah" does not contain a section formally titled "The Great Amen," some performances might end with a robust and elaborate "Amen" chorus, which concludes the entire work. This finale takes the form of a fugue, featuring intricate counterpoint and a grand buildup that culminates in a final, triumphant cadence. The singers weave in and out with the text "Amen," passing the melody between the different voice parts in an elaborate and intricate fashion, which creates a feeling of conclusion and affirmation.
The Great Amen in this context, though not as widely famed as the Hallelujah Chorus, is nonetheless an important and musically rich component of Handel's "Messiah," showcasing the composer's mastery of baroque choral composition and providing a fittingly powerful end to the oratorio.
Performing Messiah is no small feat for a choir. Handel requires singers to navigate quick changes in dynamics, from the gentlest pianissimos to the most triumphant fortissimos. Articulation is also key—notes must be sung with precision and clarity to bring out the intricacies of Handel's contrapuntal writing.
Messiah also includes extended passages of coloratura—fast, florid vocal runs that are challenging for a large group to perform in unison. This requires not only technical skill but also a collective sense of rhythm and timing among the choir members.
The Musical Score
Handel's "Messiah" is not only a masterpiece of Baroque music but also a testament to George Frideric Handel's extraordinary skill as a composer. In this lesson, we will delve into the intricacies of the musical score of "Messiah," exploring its composition, the orchestration, and the significance of its most poignant arias and recitatives.
Handel's compositional style is evident in the musical score of "Messiah," which is characterized by its dramatic expressiveness and rich textures. Handel employs a variety of Baroque techniques, such as counterpoint and fugue, alongside a deeply emotional connection to the libretto's sacred text. The score is a confluence of dramatic narrative and theological exposition, realized through Handel's meticulous crafting of melodies and harmonies.
The orchestration of "Messiah" is a key element of its score. Originally written for a modest ensemble, consisting of strings, trumpets, timpani, oboes, bassoon, and harpsichord or organ, the work has seen numerous adaptations over the centuries. Some performances have featured large-scale orchestras, while others have attempted to recreate the sound of the period with historically accurate instruments. The choice of instruments significantly affects the texture and color of the music, with period instruments providing a lighter, more transparent sound that reflects the performance practices of Handel's time.
One of the challenges and delights in studying the musical score of "Messiah" is the analysis of its key arias and recitatives. A recitative, often used to progress the narrative, is more speech-like and typically accompanied by a simple continuo. An aria, on the other hand, is more melodic and expressive, designed to delve into the emotional world of the text. The aria "Every Valley Shall Be Exalted" is a splendid example of Handel's use of melodic lines to illustrate the text, with the rising and falling contours of the melody mirroring the lifting up and making low of the valleys and mountains described in the lyrics.
Another highlight is the aria "The Trumpet Shall Sound," which features a trumpet solo that showcases the instrument's regal and triumphant character. This piece requires both the soloist and the trumpet player to engage in a virtuosic display, emphasizing the resurrection theme of the text. The score is filled with such moments where Handel's music provides a vivid emotional and pictorial response to the libretto.
The role of the conductor in interpreting the score for modern audiences cannot be overstated. The conductor must make numerous decisions about tempos, dynamics, phrasing, and ornamentation. Each of these choices has a profound impact on the performance and how the audience experiences the work. The score serves as a roadmap, but it is the conductor's interpretation that brings the journey to life.
For non-musicians, understanding and appreciating the score of "Messiah" might seem daunting. However, by focusing on a few key elements, listeners can gain a deeper appreciation for Handel's genius. Examining the text setting, where Handel aligns specific words with particular musical motifs or expressions, can enhance one's listening experience. Another point of entry is the structure of the work; understanding the three-part division and the progression from prophecy to fulfillment can provide a framework for following the music.
Listeners can also pay attention to how Handel uses repetition and variation to highlight important themes. For example, in the "Hallelujah" chorus, the repetition of the word "Hallelujah" itself becomes a powerful musical device, reinforcing the joyous proclamation. Elsewhere, variations in dynamics and articulation serve to underscore the emotional depth of the text.
To further appreciate the musical score, one might attend live performances or listen to diverse recordings, noting how different orchestras and conductors interpret the work. Attending pre-concert talks or engaging with educational materials can also provide valuable insights into the subtleties of the score.
In conclusion, the musical score of Handel's "Messiah" is a rich tapestry of Baroque musicality intertwined with profound spiritual messages. Through its orchestration, the beauty of its arias and recitatives, and the interpretive choices made by conductors, "Messiah" continues to be a living, breathing work that resonates with audiences today. A careful study of the score reveals the layers of Handel's artistry and invites listeners to experience a deeper connection with this timeless piece. Whether one is a musician, a music lover, or a curious newcomer to classical music, the score of "Messiah" offers endless opportunities for exploration and enjoyment.
The Meal
As we prepare to immerse ourselves in the grandeur of Handel's "Messiah," it is only fitting that our sensory experience extends beyond the auditory to the gustatory. To truly capture the essence of the evening, let us plan a meal that not only complements the concert but also pays homage to the Baroque period from which Handel's masterwork originates.
The Baroque era, spanning from approximately 1600 to 1750, was a time of flamboyance, opulence, and grandiosity in both the arts and dining. Banquets were lavish affairs, with tables adorned with extravagant displays of culinary artistry. To set the stage for our Messiah evening, we shall draw inspiration from the culinary traditions of the period, while making adjustments for modern palates and accessibility.
Historical Context
Dining during Handel's time was a significant social event, marked by multiple courses and an array of dishes. The upper classes would feast on a variety of meats, game, fish, vegetables, and sweet confections, all prepared with rich spices that were a symbol of wealth and status. We can draw from these traditions to craft a menu that reflects the elegance and complexity of the Baroque table.
Starter Course
Begin with a starter that is light and evocative of the period. A potted shrimp or smoked salmon mousse provides a delicate and refined opening to the meal. These dishes were popular for their luxurious ingredients and would have been enjoyed by the affluent in the 18th century.
Recipe Suggestion: Potted Shrimp
- Butter, lightly seasoned with mace, nutmeg, and pepper, is gently melted and mixed with finely chopped, cooked shrimp.
- The mixture is spooned into small ramekins and topped with a thin layer of the spiced butter.
- After chilling in the refrigerator, the potted shrimp is ready to be served with slices of fresh, crusty bread.
Main Course
For the main course, consider a dish that would take center stage. In Handel's day, this might have included a roasted joint of meat or a lavish pie. A modern interpretation could be a hearty Beef Wellington or a succulent roast chicken with herbs. These dishes not only provide a sense of occasion but also cater to the tastes of a contemporary audience.
Recipe Suggestion: Roast Chicken with Herbs
- A whole chicken is seasoned with salt and pepper, stuffed with a mixture of fresh herbs (thyme, rosemary, and parsley), and rubbed with butter or olive oil.
- The chicken is roasted in the oven until the skin is golden and crisp, and the meat is tender and juicy.
- It is served with an accompaniment of roasted root vegetables, exemplifying the farm-to-table ethos common in the 18th century.
Side Dishes
Side dishes should complement the main, featuring vegetables and preparations common to the Baroque period. Glazed carrots, buttered peas, and spiced cabbage are excellent accompaniments that combine the historical with the palatable.
Recipe Suggestion: Glazed Carrots
- Carrots are sliced and boiled until just tender.
- A glaze is prepared with butter, brown sugar, and a pinch of ground ginger, creating a glossy coating for the carrots.
- The carrots are sautéed in the glaze until they are well-coated and caramelized, ready to be served alongside the main dish.
Dessert
Dessert was a significant course during the Baroque era, often featuring fruits, nuts, and sweet pastries. A tipsy cake, trifle, or syllabub would not be out of place at a Handel-inspired dinner. These desserts are both luscious and indulgent, providing a sweet finale to the meal.
Recipe Suggestion: Trifle
- Layers of sponge cake soaked in sherry or brandy are alternated with custard, fruit preserves, and whipped cream.
- The trifle is assembled in a large glass bowl, showcasing the layers and creating an impressive visual display.
- The dessert is chilled and allowed to set before serving, garnished with slivered almonds or fresh berries.
Timing the Meal
It is essential to consider the timing of the meal in relation to the concert start time. Ideally, the dinner should conclude comfortably before the performance, allowing guests to digest and relax in anticipation of the musical journey ahead. A well-paced meal also ensures that the experience is leisurely and enjoyable, evoking the unhurried dining culture of Handel's era.
As you plan your Baroque-inspired dinner, be mindful of the ingredients and presentation. Use fresh, quality produce, and take care in the cooking and plating of each course. Every aspect of the meal should reflect the meticulous craftsmanship that Handel invested in his "Messiah." By creating an ambiance and menu inspired by the composer's time, the evening becomes not just a concert but a full historical and cultural immersion.
The Drinks
As we immerse ourselves in the rich tapestry of Handel's "Messiah," our sensory journey extends beyond the auditory realm. To fully embrace the Baroque experience, let us explore the traditional beverages of the era that can enhance our overall enjoyment of the concert.
In the Baroque period, the act of socializing with a fine beverage was as much a part of the cultural landscape as the music itself. Patrons would often gather in concert halls and private salons, enjoying refreshments while discussing the latest compositions. Thus, selecting an appropriate drink for our Handel's "Messiah" evening is not just about taste, but about honoring a tradition.
Wine Pairing
Wine has a storied history that intertwines with music, particularly in the context of the historical periods in which Handel lived and composed. For a concert as grand as "Messiah," one might consider a robust, full-bodied wine to match the richness of the music. A Baroque-inspired choice could be a bottle of Bordeaux or a Burgundian Pinot Noir, which would have been favored by European aristocracy at the time.
The first part of "Messiah," focusing on prophecy and nativity, might be paired with a lighter wine, perhaps a Riesling or a bright Chardonnay. These wines, with their crisp acidity and notes of green apple or citrus, would complement the anticipatory and uplifting themes of the oratorio's opening.
As we progress to the second part, which covers more solemn and reflective themes such as passion and sacrifice, a transition to a red wine with greater depth, like a Merlot or a matured Cabernet Sauvignon, would be in order. The full-bodied nature of these wines would pair well with the emotional weight of this section.
Finally, for the triumphant conclusion of "Messiah," a celebratory drink is in order. A sparkling wine or Champagne, effervescent and light, would echo the jubilant "Hallelujah" chorus, symbolizing the resurrection and the eternal life themes encapsulated in the final part of the oratorio.
Non-Alcoholic Options
For those who prefer a non-alcoholic option or for a matinee performance, we can look to period-appropriate drinks like herbal infusions or fruit punches. For example, a well-brewed mint or chamomile tea can offer a refreshing and calming effect, suitable for the reflective arias. In contrast, a spiced apple cider, served either hot or cold depending on the season, could provide a festive and warming beverage that harks back to traditional recipes of the Baroque period.
Cultural Significance of Toasting
Toasting during Handel's time was more than a casual clink of glasses; it was a ritual that celebrated camaraderie, respect, and the shared experience of art. As we raise our glasses on our special "Messiah" evening, we partake in this age-old tradition. A short toast could be prepared, perhaps drawing from the libretto of the "Messiah" or a famous quote from Handel himself, to add a touch of historical authenticity to the occasion.
Serving Your Drinks
Presentation is key in serving your selected beverages. If choosing wine, ensure that it is at the correct temperature: whites chilled, reds at room temperature. Use glassware that complements the drink; for instance, flutes for sparkling wines to preserve their effervescence, or wide-bowled glasses for reds to aerate and release their aromas.
For non-alcoholic drinks like herbal teas or punches, consider using period-style serving ware such as porcelain teapots or punch bowls. This not only enhances the visual appeal but also lends an air of authenticity to your themed evening.
Tips for Enjoyment
- Sip your drink slowly throughout the performance, allowing the flavors to unfold alongside the music.
- If attending a live performance, remember that concert etiquette generally dictates saving your drinks for intermission. However, for a home listening session, feel free to enjoy your beverage throughout.
- Be mindful of the fact that strong drinks can sometimes distract from the music if consumed in excess. Moderation will ensure that both the concert and the drink are equally appreciated.
- Take a moment during the evening to reflect on the historical context of your chosen drink, contemplating the connections between the music, the flavors, and the customs of the Baroque period.
In conclusion, the act of selecting and savoring a drink on the evening of a "Messiah" performance is more than mere refreshment; it's an extension of the artistic and cultural experience. Whether you're raising a glass of fine wine or sipping a non-alcoholic concoction, your beverage choice can serve as a bridge connecting the past to the present, enhancing your connection to Handel's timeless masterpiece.
So then...
I hope you enjoy whatever version of the Messiah you end up listening. I listened to this one in Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/album/1vynddl1urZFB202G19ylM?si=6NEumziGRzCyn42xPlq_XQ
And whatever you do; if you are ever lucky to attend a preformance conducted by Dr. Talley - DO NOT, FOR THE LOVE OF ALL THAT IS SACRED (AND YOUR OWN SAFETY) USE FLASH PHOTOGRAPHY. There is a lady in therapy since December 1990. She did not understand her assignment... There is no "Comfort Ye" for her still.
And Doc - Much love sir. You made my life better.
Enjoy an art night. Watch a movie, play a vynil... Send us suggestions for the next or better yet, generate your own at artisticfuel.com!